| Biography of old oil painting master John White Alexander what we can copy |
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John White Alexander
American Symbolist painter
born 1856 - died 1915
Student of:
Frank Duveneck
(1848-1919).
Teacher of: Malvina Hoffman (1887-1966).
Alexander ia an American painter and
illustrator. John White Alexander began his career in New York
in 1875 as a political cartoonist and
illustrator for Harper’s Weekly. In 1877
John White Alexander went to Paris for his first formal art
training, and then to Munich, where John
White Alexander enrolled at the Kunstakademie under Gyuala
Benczúr. In 1878 John White Alexander joined a colony of
American painters established by
Frank
Duveneck in Polling, Bavaria. |
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In 1879 they travelled to Italy, where
Alexander formed friendships with James
McNeill Whistler and Henry James. In 1881
John White Alexander returned to New York, working as an
illustrator for Harper's, as a drawing
instructor at Princeton and as a highly
successful society portrait painter. John
White Alexander also
exhibited at the National Academy of Design.
By 1893 his reputation in both Europe and
America had soared, and in 1895 John White
Alexander was
awarded a prestigious commission for a
series of murals entitled the Evolution of
the Book in the newly established Library of
Congress in Washington, DC. After 1901
Alexander became deeply involved with the
promotion of the arts in America. John White
Alexander won
numerous mural commissions (e.g. Pittsburgh,
PA, Carnegie Inst.; from 1905, unfinished)
and continued to paint portraits |
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Alexander's stylistic development falls into
several distinct stages. His early
landscapes and genre scenes of the 1870s
bear the stamp of Wilhelm Leibl's Munich
realism as espoused by Duveneck and William
Merritt Chase. His fluid brushwork resembled
that of Frans Hals and Diego Velázquez,
painters John White Alexander deeply admired. After his return
to the USA in 1881 and under the influence
of Whistler, John White Alexander favoured a more limited
palette and experimented with the evocation
of mood through shadow and gesture. His
portrait of Walt Whitman (1886–9; New York,
Met.) is one of his finest works of the
1880s. Many of his later portraits, notably
of women, were psychological studies rather
than specific likenesses, as in The Ring
(1911; New York, Met.). His brushwork became
less painterly and more concerned with
suggesting abstracted shapes. |
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He also adopted a very coarse-weave canvas, the texture of which became an important element in his mature work. By applying thinned-down paint to the absorbent surface, his pictures appear to have been dyed in muted tones, in marked contrast to the glossy, impasted surfaces of his earlier work. Throughout his career Alexander favoured compositions with a single figure placed against a sharply contrasting background. The sinuous curvilinear outline of the heroine standing full-length in Isabella, or the Pot of Basil (1897; Boston, MA, Mus. F.A.) evokes contemporary Art Nouveau forms. Like the Symbolists,
John White Alexander sought by gesture and strong lighting to intensify the viewer's response to his sensuous treatment of the subject. |
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