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Alphonse Mucha Paintings and Biography |
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Alphonse Mucha Biography
Czechoslovakian Art Nouveau printmaker &
painter Also known as: Alfons Marie Mucha,
Alphonse Marie Mucha. |
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Alphonse (Alfons) Mucha
(1860-1939) was a prolific Moravian painter
of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries
and a key figure in the Art Nouveau
movement. His style of painting influenced
an entire generation of painters, graphic
artists, draughtsmen and designers and in
the minds of many, Alphonse Mucha painting epitomizes the Art Nouveau. Himself came to resent his
fame as an artist of the utilitarian,
believing that true art should be elevated
and epic. |
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In 1892, the painter designed his first
poster. Finding this line of
Alphonse Mucha artwork profitable, he began taking regular commissions and, in
1894, the artist designed a
poster for the show "Gismonda" of the highly
popular stage actress Sarah Bernhardt. The
poster was revolutionary, bringing unheard
of innovations to the art of
poster-printing, which had hitherto
consisted of large amounts of text with a
few simple illustrations, usually in just
one or two colors. The Gismonda poster
(1892) employed a radically new vertical
format -- a legacy of which we can see in
posters today -- and an unheard-of amount of
colors and detail. |
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For Mucha, who had been a nearly unknown
artist up to this point, this was a
breakthrough. Sarah Bernhardt was so
impressed with Alphonse Mucha paintings that she immediately
offered the artist an exclusive six-year
contract. The posters that Mucha produced
for her include: La Dame aux Camelias
(1896), Lorenzaccio (1896), La Samaritaine
(1897), Medee (1898), Hamlet (1899) and Tosca (1899). During this time, Mucha
painter was also
responsible for the stage sets and costumes
at the Theatre de la Renaissance, where
Bernhardt worked.- Czechoslovakia oil painting and Mucha biography. In 1896, Mucha designed his first panneaux decoratifs: The Seasons (1896). Panneaux decoratifs were limited-edition large-size prints executed on silk or stiff papers, often ornately framed, hung on walls or screens. Usually, these featured highly stylized nature scenes, inspired by the silk screen paintings of the Orient. Mucha painter would produce several series of these, including: Flowers (1898), the Art (1898), the Months (1899), Gemstones (1900) and Stars (1901). |
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In 1902, with interest in Art Nouveau
beginning to wane, Mucha travelled to his
homeland, visiting Moravia and Prague. To
him, his Art Noveau work had been something frivolous and unimportant, so
Alphonse Mucha was not particularly disappointed that it had fallen out of
fashion. In fact, this was only to be expected, for him believed that the only
"true" art was academic. It was during his
1902 trip home that the artist became
infected with the idea of Mucha painting a series of epic patriotic paintings,
showing the somewhat fictionalized history of the Slavic people in a grand,
neo-classical style. Though he considered this to be the most meaningful Alphonse Mucha artwork of his life, the Mucha paintings were received rather coldly by the European public, due to changing tastes and also probably to the First World War, raging at the time. The New World accepted them rather more enthusiastically, when part of the Slavic Epic was exhibited in New York in 1921. However, the Alphonse Mucha paintings were never nearly as successful as his early Art Nouveau paintings. |
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| In 1920, Czechoslovakia gained its independence from Austro-Hungary as part of the aftermath of the First World War. Mucha, who had always sympathized with the cause of Slavic separatism, went enthusiastically to work for the new government, designing banknotes and official documents for the new state. Although Alphonse Mucha continued to paint until the very end of his life, his artistic heyday was, by this point, well over. A fairly affluent and politically active individual, Mucha devoted the rest of his life to indulging his love for academic Alphonse Mucha painting. The artist made no more revolutionary innovations that had characterized his early artistic career. | |||||||
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