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Anders Zorn BiographySwedish artistborn 1860 - died 1920 Anders Zorn was born in Mora on February 18, 1860, was the son of Grudd Anna Andersdotter, usually called Mona, "mother" in Mora dialect. Her family were farmers and she contributed to the family's income by working elsewhere. She had seasonal work in a brewery in Uppsala where she met the German brewer Leonhard Zorn, who became her son's father. There was no discussion of marriage and Anders Zorn never met his father who died in Helsinki in 1872. But the son was acknowledged and allowed to carry his father's name. |
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Zorn was raised by his
grandparents in Mora and at the age of 12
he was sent to a school in Enköping. At the age
of 15 Anders Zorn entered the Royal Academy of Art in
Stockholm. As a young boy he had shown an
unusual artistic ability and attention was
drawn to the horses and human figures he carved in wood. Anders Zorn planned to become a
sculptor but soon painting prevailed. He choose
water colours, a technique which was
rather uncommon at the time and this became
his main technique until around 1887. |
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| In 1893, the Columbian World Fair was arranged in Chicago. He was chosen as the superintendent of the Swedish art exhibition and travelled to the States. Anders Zorn stayed for almost a year. This trip to the USA, the first of seven, was very important for him. He enjoyed the American lifestyle and felt at home there. This first trip to the States was also of great importance for his art. Subsequent visits to the USA were in 1896-1897, and 1898-1899, 1900-1901, 1903-1904, 1907, and 1911. Anders Zorn generally travelled during the fall, winter and spring. The 1907 trip was primarily for pleasure, but the others included a large number of paintings, mostly portraits. Naturally, the high points were the commissions to portray American presidents: Grover Cleveland and his wife (1899, National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC) and William Taft, (1911, the White House). Anders Zorn made an etching of Theodore Roosevelt in 1905. One of the benefits of the presidential portraits was the number of commissions that he received in the USA. The majority of these more than one hundred paintings are still privately owned, but there are also good Anders Zorn paintings in several museums, e.g. St Louis and Chicago. |
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The move to Mora from Paris also resulted in
a change of motif for him. Many Anders Zorn paintings illustrating Mora and its
residents, such as his most famous painting,
Midsummer Dance (1896, Nationalmuseum) which
was also the painting that Zorn himself
valued most of all. his love for
his native
country is also depicted in paintings such
as The Shepherdess (1908), The Horn Blower
(1905) and Christmas Morning Service (1908,
all in Zorn Collections). The portrait
commissions took a lot of his artistic
energy. Anders Zorn developed a concise treatment of
detail and a more sweeping brushstroke than
earlier. By now his reputation as a skilled
portraitist had reached the upper classes.
Various members of the Swedish royal family
posed for Anders Zorn and the most exquisite of
these is Queen Sofia (1909, Waldemarsudde,
Stockholm), with its wonderful use of white.
The painting is an outstanding example of
his mastery of technique. Beginning in 1910, Zorn focused on developing his control of the technique and motif. Anders Zorn accomplished this with such certainty that the process of painting can assume the dominant role, sometimes to the detriment of the work's emotional expression. Two Anders Zorn paintings are exceptions Self-portrait in Red and Self-portrait in a Wolfskin, both from 1915 (Zorn collections). Also the girl body studies changed: The rather sturdy peasant women are shown in their own environment in cottages or by the water, i.e. Mother and Daughter (1909, Anders Zorn collections). The international esteem Zorn received was not based solely on his paintings. Anders Zorn was an exquisite etcher as well. He had worked with this technique since 1882. He had developed his abilities and was now highly accomplished. Zorn produced 289 etchings, a number of which are very well known, among them the portrait of Ernest Renan (1892), August Rodin (1906) and August Strindberg (1910). Anders Zorn admired and collected the etched paintings of Rembrandt and considered him to be his artistic forefather in this particular medium. |
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Zorn's astounding skill with the etching
needle can be partially traced to his
ability with a carving knife. As mentioned
earlier, He had first intended to become a
sculptor. Throughout his life Anders Zorn returned to
sculpture and the high point in this
particular art is the statue of Gustav Vasa
in Mora, inaugurated in 1903. Zorn also
sculpted a number of portraits and small
statues, among them Morning Bath (1909), a
figure of a girl who holds a sponge in her
hands from which a fountain spouts. His health deteriorated markedly during his last years. Anders Zorn died on August 22, 1920. The funeral was conducted by Archbishop Nathan Söderblom and attended among others by representatives of the Swedish royal family and many cultural personalities. Anders Zorn is buried in Mora Cemetery. |
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