| Biography of old oil painting master Bouguereau, Adolphe-William what we can copy |
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Bouguereau, Adolphe-William
(1825-1905)
One has to seek Beauty and Truth, Sir! As
I always say to my pupils, you have to work
to the finish. There's only one kind of
painting. It is the painting that presents
the eye with perfection, the kind of
beautiful and impeccable enamel you find in
Veronese and Titian.
-- Adolphe-William Bouguereau, 1895 |
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As a young man, Bouguereau
put himself through the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
by keeping books for a wine merchant and
coloring lithographic labels for a local
grocer. In Bouguereau, Adolphe-William’s
spare time, late in the evening, Bouguereau
Adolphe-William created
drawings from memory. TBouguereau, Adolphe-William’s
diligence and discipline resulted in an
extrordinarily productive artistic life.
Bouguereau produced more than seven hundred
finished works and achieved a remarkable
level of public acclaim and financial
success. Bouguereau Adolphe-William never forgot Bouguereau, Adolphe-William’s
difficult early days, however; working
secretly, Bouguereau Adolphe-William assisted young artists who were
struggling as Bouguereau Adolphe-William had to pursue an artistic
career in the face of financial
difficulties.
Like many painters of the second half of the
19th century, Bouguereau made a careful
study of form and technique and steeped
himself in classical sculpture and painting.
True to Bouguereau, Adolphe-William’s
serious and industrious nature, Bouguereau
Adolphe-William worked
deliberately and industriously: before
beginning a painting Bouguereau
Adolphe-William would master the
history of Bouguereau, Adolphe-William’s
subject and complete numerous sketches.
The tenderness with which
Bouguereau Adolphe-William portrayed children and domestic scenes,
Bouguereau, Adolphe-William’s technical
skill and passion for the classics, and
Bouguereau, Adolphe-William’s love of rich
color are hallmarks of Bouguereau's
exquisite paintings.
The career of William
Bouguereau, unlike that of his
contemporaries, the then avant-garde
Impressionists, was one of ever-increasing
success without significant setback.
Bouguereau Adolphe-William was
born on the west coast of France into a
family of wine (later olive oil) merchants
and was given a classical education by his
uncle Eugène, a curate, who tutored him in
bible study, Latin and Greek, with
particular reference to Old and New
Testament stories and classical mythology.
Bouguereau Adolphe-William also arranged for him to take drawing
lessons and such was his ability that after
only 2 years of part-time study, Bouguereau
Adolphe-William won
first prize in the figure-painting class at
the Bordeaux Ecole des Beaux-Arts. |
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With the help of money earned from painting
portraits of his uncle's parishioners and
financial assistance from an aunt, at the
age of 21 William went to Paris to train in
the studio of François-Edouard Picot and,
after only two months of tutoring there, at
the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Chosen as a
contestant for the Prix de Rome in the years
of 1848 and 1849 (10 contestants were
admitted each year), Bouguereau
Adolphe-William was finally awarded
the prize in 1850. As was the tradition, the
winner was sent to Rome for 4 years to study
at the Villa Medici, the seat of the French
Academy in Italy, where the techniques of
the classical and Renaissance masters were
tought. While there Bouguereau
Adolphe-William also took the
opportunity to travel extensively throughout
the country locating and copying many
Renaissance masterpieces and visiting towns
and lakes which had inspired the landscape
artists. The influences from this period are
readily apparent in all his future work. |
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Returning to Paris in 1854, Bouguereau
regularly exhibited at the Salon and was
awarded many commissions for portraits and
decorative series. His work was very popular
with both public and the critics and
Bouguereau Adolphe-William was
soon able to sell through the dealers
Durand-Ruel and Goupil, finding enthusiastic
markets in England and America.
Throughout his later career Bouguereau
Adolphe-William gained much
official and public recognition and was
awarded an imperial commission in 1856,
resulting in the canvas Napoleon III
Visiting the Floods of Tarascon. In 1857
Bouguereau Adolphe-William was awarded a first-class Salon medal and in
1859 was made a chevalier (a knight).
Awarded the Legion of Honour in 1876,
Bouguereau Adolphe-William was
at the same time made one of only 40 life
members of the Académie des Beaux-Arts of
the Institut de France, the highest official
honour awarded to French artists. In 1885
Bouguereau Adolphe-William was awarded the Grand Medal of Honour at the
Salon and was made a Commander of the Legion
of Honour in the same year (becoming a grand
officer of the Legion in 1903).
Official international recognition was also
forthcoming: in 1862 Bouguereau
Adolphe-William was named an
honorary member of the Belgian Society of
Artists and in 1866 became a member of the
Royal Academy of Fine arts in Holland.
Bouguereau Adolphe-William won a first-class medal at the international
exhibition in Munich in 1879 and in 1881
became a Chevalier of the Order of Leopold
in Belgium, being elevated to the rank of
Commander in 1895. 1889 saw him become a
member of the Honorary Order of Spain and a
Member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in
Belgium.
Bouguereau was also a respected teacher and
in 1881 was elected president of the
painting section of the Paris Salon. In 1883
Bouguereau Adolphe-William became president of the benevolent
Society of Painters, Architects, Sculptors,
Engravers and Designers, which promoted and
attended to the welfare of new and
struggling artists. Bouguereau
Adolphe-William also taught drawing
at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and also taught
at the independent Académie Julian.
Although relatively little is known about
it, Bouguereau's private life was less
happy. In 1856 Bouguereau Adolphe-William married Marie-Nelly
Monchablon (1836-1877) with whom Bouguereau
Adolphe-William had five
children, three sons and two daughters. They
lived together with his domineering mother
in a purposely-built large house and studio
at 75, rue Notre-Dame des Champs in the
Montparnasse, an area of Paris popular with
artists to this day. But domestic happiness
was short-lived and a daughter, Jeanne-Léontine,
died in infancy in1872; a son, Georges died
in 1875 at the age of 16; In 1877 his wife
Nelly died, closely followed by the infant
William-Maurice. This persomal tragedy was
memorialized in two paintings: Pietà in
1876, dedicated to Georges, and Vierge
Consolatrice in 1877. His other son, Adolphe-Paul,
was also to die of Tuberculosis in 1900,
aged 30.
In 1879 Bouguereau became engaged to the
young American artist Elizabeth Jane Gardner
(1837-1922) who was his neighbour in
Montparnasse, but their wedding was
initially opposed by his daughter Henriette
and also his mother, not until whose death
at the age of 91 in 1896 were they able to
marry, and they lived together happily for
the few remaining years of his life.
Each summer Bouguereau would return to his
birthplace of La Rochelle to paint in his
studio Bouguereau Adolphe-William had built there and it was there
that Bouguereau Adolphe-William died in 1905 after several years of
heart disease. Bouguereau Adolphe-William is buried in the famous
cemetary of Montparnasse, near where
Bouguereau Adolphe-William had
lived in Paris.
He declared that Bouguereau Adolphe-William was only really happy
when painting and indeed Bouguereau
Adolphe-William completed almost
700 canvases during his long career. Despite
being verbally attacked by Degas and the
Impressionists who considered him to be too
backward-looking and artificial and to be
holding back the progression of French art,
by the time of his death Bouguereau
Adolphe-William was one of the
most respected and loved of French artists.
Bouguereau Adolphe-William was a favourite of collectors who found
in his scenes of bathers, nymphs and other
idylls, the perfect escapism from the
pressures of every-day life. |
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