| Biography of old oil painting master Jacques-Louis David what we can copy |
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Jacques-Louis David
French Neoclassical painter & draftsman
born 30 April 1748 - died 29 December 1825
Born in: Paris (Département de Ville de
Paris, Ile-de-France, France).
Died in: Brussels (Bruxelles, Belgium)
Student of: Francois Boucher (1703-1770),
Joseph-Marie Vien (1716-1809) |
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Teacher of:
Jacques-Laurent Agasse
(1767-1849), José
Aparicio (1770-1838),
John James Audubon
(1785-1851), Pauline Auzou (1775-1835),
Lorenzo Bartolini
(1777-1850),
Marie-Guillemine
Benoist (1768-1826),
Pierre-Nolasque
Bergeret (1782-1863),
Rene-Theodore Berthon
(1776-1859), Bitter (-1832),
Albert Paul Bourgeois
(-1812), Ferdinand
Bourjot (1768-after 1838),
Jacques-Hippolyte van
der Burch (1786-1856),
Gaëtan Cathelineau
(1787-1859),
Constance Marie Charpentier
(1767-1849),
Auguste Couder (1790-1873),
Martin Drolling
(1752-1817), Jean-Germain
Drouais (1763-1788),
Louis Ducis
(1775-1847), Pierre
Duval Le Camus (1790-1854),
Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (1783-1853),
François-Xavier
Fabré (1766-1837),
Auguste Forbin
(1777-1841),
Alexandre Evariste Fragonard
(1780-1850), Jean
Baptiste Genty (1770-),
François Gérard (1770-1837),
Anne-Louis Girodet de
Roucy-Triosson (1767-1824),
Antoine-Jean Gros
(1771-1835),
Hendrik Van der Haert
(1790-1846),
Fulchran Jean Harriet
(1778-1805), Louis
Hersent (1777-1860),
Jean-Nicholas Huyot
(1780-1840),
Jean Auguste Dominique
Ingres (1780-1867),
Jean-Baptiste Isabey
(1767-1855), Pieter
Rudolph Kleyn (1795-1816) from
1801 to 1809,
Alexandre Victoire de Lassus
(1781-after 1830),
Esprit Aime Libour (1784-1845),
Marie-Constance
Mayer (1775-1821), Achille Etna
Michallon (1796-1822),
Elie-Honoré Montagny
(-1864),
Francois Joseph Navez
(1787-1869),
Charles François Phelippes
(-1867), François-Edouard
Picot (1786-1868),
Alexandre Denis Abel
de Pujol (1785-1861),
Johann Anton Ramboux
(1790-1866),
Louis-Léopold Robert
(1794-1835),
Sophie Rude
(1797-1867), Jean
Pierre Sudre (1783-1866),
Alexandre Paul Joseph
Veron (1733-).
Distant relation of:
Francois Boucher
(1703-1770).
Patronized by: Napoleon Bonaparte
(1769-1821).
Member of: Academie Royale de Peinture et de
Sculpture.
DAVID, JACQUES LOUIS (1748-1825), French
painter, was born in Paris on the 30th of
April 1748. His father was killed in a duel,
when the boy was but nine years old. His
education was begun at the College des
Quatre Nations, where Jacques Louis David obtained a
smattering of the classics; but, his
artistic talent being already obvious,
Jacques Louis David was soon placed by his guardian in the
studio of François Boucher. Boucher speedily
realized that his own erotic style did not
suit the lad's genius, and recommended him
to J. M. Vien, the pioneer of the classical
reaction in painting. Under him David
studied for some years, and, after several
attempts to win the Prix de Rome, at last
succeeded in 1775, with his Loves of
Antiochus and Stratonice. Vien, who had just
been appointed director of the French
Academy at Rome, carried the youth with him
to that city. The classical reaction was now
in full tide; Winckelmann was writing,
Raphael Mengs painting; and the treasures of
the Vatican galleries helped to confirm
David in a taste already moulded by so many
kindred influences. This severely classical
spirit inspired his first important
painting, Date obolum Belisario, exhibited
at Paris in 1780. The picture exactly suited
the temper of the times, and was an immense
success. It was followed by others, painted
on the same principles, but with greater
perfection of art: The Grief of Andromache
(1783), The Oath of the Horatii (Salon,
1785), The Death of Socrates, Love of Paris
and Helen (1788), Brutus (1789). In the
French drama an unimaginative imitation of
ancient models had long prevailed; even in
art Poussin and Le Sueur were successful by
expressing a bias in the same direction; and
in the first years of the revolutionary
movement the fashion of imitating the
ancients even in dress and manners went to
the most extravagant length. At this very
time David returned to Paris; Jacques Louis
David was now
painter to the king, Louis XVI, who had been
the purchaser of his principal works, and
his popularity was soon immense. At the
outbreak of the Revolution in 1789, David
was carried away by the flood of enthusiasm
that made all the intellect of France
believe in a new era of equality and
emancipation from all the ills of life. |
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The success of his sketch for the picture of
the Oath of the Tennis Court, and his
pronounced republicanism, secured David's
election to the Convention in September
1792, by the Section du Museum, and Jacques
Louis David quickly distinguished himself by the defence
of two French artists in Rome who had fallen
into the merciless hands of the Inquisition.
As, in this matter, the behaviour of the
authorities of the French Academy in Rome
had been dictated by the tradition of
subservience to authority, be used his
influence to get it suppressed. In the
January following his election into the
Convention his vote was given for the king's
death. |
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Thus the man who was so greatly indebted to
the Roman academy and to Louis XVI assisted
in the destruction of both, no doubt in
obedience to a principle, like the act of
Brutus in condemning his sons - a subject
Jacques Louis David painted with all his powers. Cato and
stoicism were the order of the day. Hitherto
the actor had walked the stage in modern
dress. Brutus had been applauded in
red-heeled shoes and culottes jarretes; but
Talma, advised by David, appeared in toga
and sandals before an enthusiastic audience.
At this period of his life Mademoiselle de
Noailles persuaded him to paint a sacred
subject, with Christ as the hero. When the
picture was done, the Saviour was found to
be another Cato. "I told you so,"
Jacques Louis David replied
to the expostulations of the lady, "there is
no inspiration in Christianity now!" David's
revolutionary ideas, which led to his
election to the presidency of the Convention
and to the committee of general security,
inspired his pictures Last Moments of
Lepelletier de Saint-Fargeau and Marat
Assassinated. Jacques Louis David also arranged the programme
of the principal republican festivals. When
Napoleon rose to power David became his
enthusiastic admirer. His picture of
Napoleon on horseback pointing the way to
Italy is now in Berlin. During this period
Jacques Louis David also painted the Rape of the Sabines and
Leonidas at Thermopylae. Appointed painter
to the emperor, David produced the two
notable pictures The Coronation (of
Josephine) and the Distribution of the
Eagles.
On the return of the Bourbons the painter
was exiled with the other remaining
regicides, and retired to Brussels, where
Jacques Louis David again returned to classical subjects: Amor
quitting Psyche, Mars disarmed by Venus, &c.
Jacques Louis David rejected the offer, made through Baron
Humboldt, of the office of minister of fine
arts at Berlin, and remained at Brussels
till his death on the 29th of December 1825.
His end was true to his whole career and to
his nationality. While dying, a print of the
Leonidas, one of his favourite subjects, was
submitted to him. After vaguely looking at
it a long time, "Il n'y a que moi qui
pouvais concevoir la tête de Leonidas," ("It
is only I who could have conceived of the
head of Leonidas") Jacques Louis David whispered, and died.
His friends and his party thought to carry
the body back to his beloved Paris for
burial, but the government of the day
arrested the procession at the frontier, an
act which caused some scandal, and furnished
the occasion of a terrible song of Brangers.
It is difficult for a generation which has
witnessed another complete revolution in the
standards of artistic taste to realize the
secret of David's immense popularity in his
own day. His style is severely academic, his
colour lacking in richness and warmth, his
execution hard and uninteresting in its very
perfection. Subjects and treatment alike are
inspired by the passing fashion of an age
which had deceived itself into believing
that it was living and moving in the spirit
of classical antiquity. |
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The inevitable
reaction of the romantic movement made the
masterpieces, which had filled the men of
the Revolution with enthusiasm, seem cold
and lifeless to those who had been taught to
expect in art that atmosphere of mystery
which in nature is everywhere present. Yet
David was a great artist, and exercised in
his day and generation a great influence.
His pictures are magnificent in their
composition and their draughtsmanship; and
his keen observation and insight into
character are evident, especially in his
portraits, notably of Madame Recamier, of
the Conventional Gerard and of Boissy
d'Anglas.
See E. J. Delecluze, Louis David, Son ecole
et son temps (Paris, 1855), and Le Peintre
Louis David. Souvenirs et documents indits,
by J. L. Jules David, the painter's grandson
(Paris, 1880). |
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