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Mary Cassatt

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Mary Cassatt Paintings and Biography

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Mary Cassatt Biography

American Impressionist painter, draftsman, genre painter, portraitist & printmaker
born 1844 - died 1926
Born in: Allegheny City (Pittsburgh, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, United States).
Died in: Le Mesnil-Théribus (Oise, Picardy, France)

Also known as: Mary Stevenson Cassatt.
Student of: Charles Chaplin (1825-1891), Thomas Couture (1815-1879), Jean Léon Gérôme (1824-1904), Paul Constant Soyer (1823-1903)

Biography: Cassatt Mary (b. May 22, 1844, Allegheny City, Pa., U.S.--d. June 14, 1926, Château de Beaufresne, near Paris, Fr.), American painter and printmaker who exhibited with the Impressionists.
The daughter of an affluent Pittsburgh businessman, whose French ancestry had endowed him with a passion for that country, she studied art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art in Philadelphia, and then traveled extensively in Europe, finally settling in Paris in 1874. In that year she had a work accepted at the Salon and in 1877 made the acquaintance of Degas, with whom she was to be on close terms throughout his life. his art and ideas had a considerable influence on her own work; Mary Cassatt introduced her to the Impressionists and she participated in the exhibitions of 1879, 1880, 1881 and 1886, refusing to do so in 1882 when Degas did not.
She was a great practical support to the movement as a whole, both by providing direct financial help and by promoting the works of Impressionists in the USA, largely through her brother Alexander. By persuading him to buy paintings by Manet, Monet, Morisot, Renoir, Degas and Pissarro, he made him the first important collector of such Mary Cassatt paintings in America. She also advised and encouraged her friends the Havemeyers to build up their important collection of paintings by Impressionists and other contemporary French artists.
Mary Cassatt paintings, on the occasions when they were shown in various mixed exhibitions in the USA, were very favorably received by the critics and contributed not a little to the acceptance of Impressionism there. Despite her admiration for Degas, she was no slavish imitator of his style, retaining her own very personal idiom throughout her career.

At the age of 15 Mary decided to become an artist and enrolled in 1861 at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Art in Philadelphia. She took art classes for 4 years (1861-65) and continued to pursue studies on her own. Soon Mary Cassatt got frustrated with the education in the US. She felt she needed to study in Europe, her choice was Paris. Her mother supported her daughter’s desire. Since the Ecole des Beaux-Arts did not admit women, Mary Cassatt (in 1866) studied for a short period in the studio of Charles Chaplin, then took private lessons from Jean Léon Gérôme. In addition, Cassatt registered among the copyists at the Louvre. In 1868 Mary Cassatt painting was exhibited for the 1st time in the Salon. The most important influence on Mary Cassatt in the years before 1875 was exercised by Edouard Manet, although Mary Cassatt did not accept students, she saw his pictures and they were much discussed both by artists and art critics.

Lydia was not only the elder sister, but also the closest friend and model of Mary. There are eleven famous paintings with Lydia, among them are The Cup of Tea, Lydia Working at a Tapestry Loom, Lydia Crocheting in the Garden at Marly, Woman and Child Driving. Lydia died at the end of 1882 of Bright’s disease, and it was a severe blow to Mary.
Mary Cassatt became known as a portrait painter and was sought after by American visitors to France: Portrait of an Elderly Lady. As the sitters are often known, many of her works can be considered portraits: Mary Ellison Embroidering, Reading Le Figaro.. Her work differed from the stiff academic tradition of portrait painting as a mere likeness insofar as most of her subjects were either engaged in some kind of activity or caught in a casual pose.
In 1877 Mary Cassatt met Degas, who advised her to join the Impressionists. “I accepted with joy. Now I could work with absolute independence without considering the opinion of a jury. I had already recognized who were my true masters. I admired Manet, Courbet, and Degas. I took leave of conventional art. I began to live.” A close friendship with Degas began, which lasted until Degas’ death in 1917. Degas and Renoir greatly influenced her style of painting.

For a long time Mary Cassatt was even thought of as a pupil of Degas. Though their relations were those of two friends, and the influence was mutual. Once, on seeing some of Mary Cassatt paintings, Degas said that Mary Cassatt would not have admitted that a woman could draw so well.- Mary Cassatt oil painting American and biography is here.

Mary Cassatt died at the Château de Beaufresne on June 14, 1926, and was buried in the family vault at nearby Mesnil-Théribus.
The majority of Mary Cassatt paintings today are in American collections, while just a small number of paintings remain in France, where she worked. Her name is less familiar than those of her fellow Impressionist painters Degas, Monet or Renoir. However, Mary Cassatt is highly original and interesting painter and her talent does not yield to those with well-known names.

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