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Ancient Egyptian art
typified this use of relatively opaque
waterbased paints. All the pigments used
with the exception of Egyptian Blue Frit
tended to natirally make opaque or
semiopaque paints. Egyptian Blue Frit was
dark so its natural translucency still
covered well. Colors tended to be applied as
pure colors with a minimum of mixing if any.
This paint could cover well anyway but was
often applied thinly over a layer of white.
It wasn't until after the widespread
introduction of paper and changed art tastes
that required the use of a wide range of
colors, many of which were transparent that
the modern materials of watercolor and
gouache were born. The idea of adding gums
to pigments to help them stick to surfaces
is ancient, and the inks used by medieval
illuminators in bibles was quite like
watercolor in many ways, but it was
Durer
wanting to do some 'sketching' on his
journey to Italy who was probably the first
artist to use watercolor in a way that we
would recognize in the form of transparent
washes on paper for its own sake. His
apprenticeship had been in a studio making
woodcuts for the Nuremberg Chronicle and
some of the woodcuts were tinted with
transparent colors in gum and it seems this
was the beginning of
Durer's
famous use of both media.
Gouache has an origin lost in time but we do
know that the name may have originally been
applied to Tempera by the Italians and that
the idea of adding chalk to make watercolor
opaque developed some time later. As the
ancients knew, opacity is valuable for many
ways of painting, but the new idea of adding
chalk in carefully measured amounts to
interact with and enhance the color meant
that virtually any color could now be
opaque. Gouache as we understand the term
has been in existence for at least 200
years. During the late 19th and the 20th
century the demand for 'designers colors'
meant that gouache ceased to be regarded for
a time as serious art materials as bright
pigments of dubious character became normal
in most ranges of gouache color. Today as
designers abandon paint for photoshop,
gouache is returning to a focus on the needs
of professional fine artist's. There are
many that love the juicy qualities of these
paints. I am sure the ancient Egyptians
would totally agree. |